Each case of REDs is unique. The only definitive way to determine if you have REDs is to receive a clinical diagnosis from a healthcare provider. However, there are many common symptoms of REDs that may serve as indicators of a necessary visit to a healthcare provider.

Energy availability is a concept used to quantify the amount of energy available for essential bodily functions once energy expended during exercise is accounted for. Learn more.

The treatment for REDs begins with restoring the energy deficit that has caused REDs in the first place. Other treatments may include receiving support for any underlying conditions that may be driving low energy intake.

The female athlete triad is defined by three interrelated conditions among female-identifying athletes: low energy availability, loss of menstrual function, and low bone density. REDs is an overarching condition that captures these conditions, but also recognizes bodily effects and other symptoms that extend beyond the triad and occur among all athletes.

The prevalence of REDs, low energy availability, and their signs/symptoms varies greatly across studies, depending on factors like athlete population, methodology, and definitions of low energy availability and REDs. In male athletes, studies have found prevalence from 23-79.5% in female athletes and 15–70% in male athletes.

An individual is at risk for development of REDs when their nutritional intake may not be matching their energy usage. Examples of such can range from high-volume training environments (in which energy expenditure is extremely high), to caloric restriction (often in attempts to meet idealized performance or body image standards). Additionally, athletes in aesthetic and endurance sports may be at a higher risk of REDs due to internal and external sport-related pressures.

REDs is currently diagnosed by a healthcare provider. Ideally, this provider specializes in REDs or has knowledge of REDs and sports medicine. If you think you may have REDs, please contact your healthcare provider. Read more about REDs prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

As REDs becomes more frequently researched, discussed, and understood, we are beginning to find educational resources in a number of places. Read foundational REDs research, view REDs in the media, and browse our list of additional resources.